Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 20, Number 3043, 27 December 1860 — COTTON CONFEDERACY. [ARTICLE]

COTTON CONFEDERACY.

Should South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida and Mississippi withdraw from the Union

and unite in a Cotton Confederacy, it would embrace an area of 844,145 square miles. Those States, in 1850, according to the census of that year, contained a population of 8,040,287, of whom 1,565,570 were whites ; slaves, 1,158,699 ; free colored, 10,y13. The slave population in those five States lacks only 106,871 of being equal to the white. It is estimated that in the past ten years the white population has increased to something like 1,800,000, the slaves to not far from the same number, and the fret colored to about 20,000. This gives, in ISGO, a total population of 3,ti20,000, divided nearly equally between the white and colored races.

If these States set up for themselves, they will have to sustain a new National Government, including a President — or more likely, in a few years, a Constitutional King — Congress, Cabinet officers, a postal system, a standing army, build

a navy, send out foreign ministers, etc., etc. Such a Government would cost millions annually, which must be raised by direct taxation, as the seoession leaders propose to inaugurate the free trade system. When the direct taxes are called for, the people of those States will begin to experience the real oppressions of Government ; they are imaginary so far as the Gen* eral Government is concerned. It does not send tax-gatherers into the States, and has not done so for the past sixty years. But if the cotton States secede, will they form a Cotton Confederacy, a Consolidated Republic, or a Limited Monarchy V It was suggested by Senator Toombs, and aiso by a public speaker at Savannah, that the Government to be formed for the South should be a Consolidated Republic, and that all State lines should be abolished. This plan would create a strong consolidated Government, abolish States and State rights, thereby securing the new Government against the kind of State secession proposed by South Carolina. From a new Government established on the model of Toombs there could be no secession, and any attempt to resist the laws of the Consolidated Republic would be declared treason and punished as treason by the aid bf the military arm. It would be a much stronger Government than our national one is conceded to be by the secessionists. If secession is achieved, the South will be forced from surrounding circumstances to establish a strong military government— one that will be classed by genuine republics as a despotism. The equal division of population between free and slave ; the dread of outside interference with the institution of slavery, and the demand for constant vigilance, will render necessary a standing army of paid soldiers. And should those States be confined to their present territorial limits, as they most certaiuly would be, for the next fifty years, the Government would be compelled to enroll every able-bodied man in the nation as a soldier. Every free man, as was the case in ancient Sparta, would belong to the army — would from infancy be educated us a soldier. But long before a half century has passed, the Government of a Cotton Confederacy will have become military in all its features, and in

its complete organization. The form of Government would gradually change from a representative Republic to a military Oligarchy; the soldier would be called upon to act as a policeman ; every stranger would be suspected and watched; general distrust would prevail, and despotism follow as a natural and inevitable consequence.

Advancing. — P. J. Devine has been advancing as rapidly as possible with the work of laying the marble tile at the entrance of the present State Capitol, considering the very unfavorable weather experienced during the past week. The work will be completed about the 4th of January.

The Rain.— The aggregate amount of rain which has fallen in this city during the past month, we learn from Doctor Logan, is 4.040 inches.

Tax Sales.— The Sheriff will, this morning, at the Court House door, sell through the last four letters of the alphabet in the delinquent tax list for 1800.

Tccker's ! Tuokkr's !— Nearly three thousand persons visited Tucker's splendid «tore, 125 Montgomery street, San Francisco, yesterday, and it is altogether probable a like number will call upon him to-day. " Straws show which way the wind blows," but such straws as these denote a hurricane tending Tuckerward. The best of it is, that everybody who trades with Tucker comes away perfectly satisfied.